Due to its low pumping threshold, large emission section, large absorption coefficient, strongly polarized laser output, and low susceptibility to electron irradiation, the Nd 3+-doped YVO 4 single crystal has been widely used in the diode-pumped solid lasers and self-frequency-doubling solid lasers. The YVO 4 doped with Nd 3+ ions single crystal is an excellent laser material. For example, the Eu 3+-activated YVO 4 powder synthesized by the solid-state reaction, solution combustion, sol-gel, and the sonochemical method suggests high-efficiency fluorescence signal and higher thermal stability on electron-beam excitation so that it has been considered as an important commercial red phosphor used in cathode ray tube, fluorescent lamps, plasma display panels, and scintillator in image detectors. Owing to potential technological applications in the fields of display phosphors, laser materials, and fluorescent lamps, many researchers pay more attention to investigating the structural, magnetic, optical, and other properties of the YVO 4 doped with different rare-earth elements. As a good host for a variety of optical applications, rare-earth (RE)-doped YVO 4 materials have attracted significant attention. The pure YVO 4 single crystal has been widely used as polarizers, optical isolators, and beam displacers. Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO 4) is a promising optical material because it has a broad transparency spectra ranging from visible to far-infrared regions (400–5,000 nm), strong birefringence that ensures the polarization state of emitted light ( Δ n = 0.2225 for 633 nm), high damage threshold, high conductivity, good mechanical properties, and chemical stability.
In addition, the CIE chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperature were calculated on a basis of emission spectra under different excitation wavelengths. More attentions were paid to ascertaining the corresponding transition states, analyzing luminescent mechanism, and revealing the energy transfer from VO 4 3 − to Ce 3+ ions. The typical transitions of Ce 3+ ions and the unusual intrinsic luminescent phenomena of VO 4 3 − groups were observed and investigated in Ce 3+-doped YVO 4 crystals. Dependence of luminescence and absorption intensity on Ce 3+ doping concentration was discussed at different excitation wavelengths. The optical properties of Ce 3+-doped YVO 4 single crystals with different doping concentrations were investigated via a combination of absorption, emission, and excitation spectra. The X-ray diffraction patterns testified that all samples exhibited the pure tetragonal YVO 4 crystalline phase without any parasitic phases. The undoped YVO 4 and Ce 3+-doped YVO 4 single crystals have been successfully grown by the Czochralski method in a medium frequency induction furnace.
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